Topics in Companion Animal Medicine
Volume 24, Issue 2 , Pages 46-48 , May 2009

Nutritional Supplements for Pregnant and Lactating Bitches⁎

  • Deborah S. Greco, DVM, PhD, DACVIM

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress reprint requests to: Deborah S. Greco, The Animal Medical Center, 510 E. 62nd St, New York, NY 10021

References 

  1. Kirk CA. New concepts in pediatric nutrition. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2001;31:369–392
  2. Ontko JA, Phillips PH. Reproduction and lactation studies with bitches fed semipurified diets. J Nutr. 1958;65:211–218
  3. Schroeder GE, Smith GA. Bodyweight and feed intake of German shepherd bitches during pregnancy and lactation. J Small Anim Pract. 1995;36:7–11
  4. Lawler DF, Johnston SD, Keltner DG, et al. Influence of restricted food intake on estrous cycles and pseudopregnancies in dogs. Am J Vet Res. 1999;60:820–825
  5. Heinemann KM, Waldron MK, Bigley KE, et al. Long-chain (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids are more efficient than alpha-linolenic acid in improving electroretinogram responses of puppies exposed during gestation, lactation, and weaning. J Nutr. 2005;135:1960–1966
  6. Heinemann KM, Bauer JE. Docosahexaenoic acid and neurologic development in animals. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2006;228:700–705
  7. Bauer JE, Heinemann KM, Bigley KE, et al. Maternal diet alpha-linolenic acid during gestation and lactation does not increase docosahexaenoic acid in canine milk. J Nutr. 2004;134(Suppl 8):2035S–2038S
  8. Hollingshead . Calcium and parathormone concentrations in German shepherd bitches during labor (abstract). In: Proceedings of World Small Animal Veterinary Association. 2007;
  9. Adkins Y, Lepine AJ, Lönnerdal B. Changes in protein and nutrient composition of milk throughout lactation in dogs. Am J Vet Res. 2001;62:1266–1272
  10. Lawler DF. The role of perinatal care in development. Semin Vet Med Surg (Small Anim). 1995;10:59–67
  11. Elwood JM, Colquhoun TA. Observations on the prevention of cleft palate in dogs by folic acid and the potential relevance to humans. N Z Vet J. 1997;45:254–256
  12. Benyacoub J, Pérez PF, Rochat F, et al. Enterococcus faecium SF68 enhances the immune response to Giardia intestinalis in mice. J Nutr. 2005;135:1171–1176
  13. Humen MA, De Antoni GL, Benyacoub J, et al. Lactobacillus johnsonii La1 antagonizes Giardia intestinalis in vivo. Infect Immun. 2005;73:1265–1269
  14. Sauter SN, Benyacoub J, Allenspach K, et al. Effects of probiotic bacteria in dogs with food responsive diarrhoea treated with an elimination diet. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl). 2006;90:269–277
  15. Kealy RD, Lawler DF, Ballam JM, et al. Effects of diet restriction on life span and age-related changes in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2002;220:1315–1320
  16. Nap RC, Hazewinkel HA, Voorhout G, et al. Growth and skeletal development in Great Dane pups fed different levels of protein intake. J Nutr. 1991;121(Suppl 11):S107–S113
  17. Kealy RD, Lawler DF, Ballam JM, et al. Food consumption on radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2000;217:1678–1680
  18. Wright-Rodgers AS, Waldron MK, Bigley KE, et al. Dietary fatty acids alter plasma lipids and lipoprotein distributions in dogs during gestation, lactation, and the perinatal period. J Nutr. 2005;135:2230–2235
  19. Schoenmakers I, Hazewinkel HA, Voorhout G, et al. Effects of diets with different calcium and phosphorus contents on the skeletal development of growing Great Danes. Vet Rec. 2000;147:652–660
  20. Benyacoub J, Czarnecki-Maulden GL, Cavadini C, et al. Supplementation of food with Enterococcus faecium (SF68) stimulates immune functions in young dogs. J Nutr. 2003;133:1158–1162

PII: S1938-9736(09)00005-1

doi: 10.1053/j.tcam.2009.02.001

Topics in Companion Animal Medicine
Volume 24, Issue 2 , Pages 46-48 , May 2009

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